Environment or Global Environment:
The
Global Environment can be defined as
once surroundings. In terms of Environmental Engineering, however a more
specific definition is required.
In
Environmental Engineering, the word 'Environment' may be taken on global
dimensions which may refer to a very localized area in which a specific problem
must be addressed.
Components of Environment:
There
are three components of environment-
a) Atmosphere:
It
is a mixture of gases extending outwards from the surface of earth. It involves
various elements that were gassified during its formation and metamorphism.
b) Hydrosphere:
It
consists of the oceans, lakes, streams and shallow ground water bodies that
interflow with surface water. It contains water based sources of the surface.
c) Lithosphere:
It
is the component of environment containing the soil part of the earth. It wraps
the core of the earth and contains various living creatures. The combination of
atmosphere and lithosphere is generally known as biosphere within which the
life forms of the earth including human being exist.
Environmental Engineering
It
can be defined as the branch of engineering that is concerned with protecting
the environment from potentially dangerous effect of human activities,
protecting human population from the effect of adverse environmental conditions
and improving environmental quality for human health and wealth.
Subject matters of Environmental
Engineering
Environmental
Engineering deals with-
a)
Provision of safe, potable, and ample public water supply.
b)
Proper disposal or recycling of waste water and solid waste.
c)
Control of water soil and atmospheric pollution.
Function of Civil Engineer as an
Environmental Engineer
The
planning, designing, construction and maintenance of water supply system is the
responsibility of Civil Engineers. A Civil Engineer with an understanding of
water quality management and sewage treatment and disposal is called an
Environmental Engineer or Public Health Engineer. His functions are-
a)
To provide adequate potable water to the communities.
b)
To provide facilities of sewage and refuse collection, treatment and disposal.
c)
To provide a safe and healthy environment.
When a Civil Engineer is called an
Environmental Engineer?
A
Civil Engineer with an understanding of water quality management and sewage
treatment and disposal is called an Environmental Engineer or Public Health
Engineer.
Basic difference between Public Health
Engineer and a Doctor
A
Doctor tries to give some remedial process to the patients and prescribes to
get recover from certain diseases, on the other hand a Public Health Engineer
works to prevent various kinds of diseases with the help of sanitary disease
process.
Water Supply System
The
system of supplying safe and wholesome water to consumers in adequate quantity
and making water easily available to consumers is called the Water Supply
System.
Objectives of Water Supply Engineering
a)
To supply safe and wholesome water to the community or consumer.
b)
To supply water in adequate quantity.
c)
To make water easily available to the consumers.
Ways of attaining of Objectives of
Water Supply Engineering
a)
Proper treatment should be provided to ensure safe and wholesome water.
b)
Source of water should be so selected as to ensure that quantity of water
required by the community would amply available.
c)
A well planned distribution system involving pipes, valves should be provided.
Elements of Water Supply System
a) Source of Supply: The source of water supply is of two
types.
i)
Surface Water Supply: The water running across the surface of the ground is
designated as surface water.
ii)
Ground Water: The surface water which seeps into the ground is designated as
ground water or sub-surface water.
b) Collection System: The collection system is designated to
convey from a source to a treatment plant. The following are essential units in
a collection system.
i)
Intake
ii)
Intake Main
iii)
Aqueduct or Transmission main
iv)
Pumping Station
c) Treatment: The treatment procedure may involve
the removal of turbidity, colour, taste, odour and bacteria.
d) Distribution System: Distribution system is needed to
deliver water to the individual consumer in the required quantity end under a
satisfactory pressure. This includes-
i)
Various pipes that convey the water to the consumer.
ii)
Storage Reservoirs that are provided to aid the distribution of water.
iii)
Pumps and necessary equipments.
iv)
Fire hydrants, valves, maters and other appurtenances.
Planning
and Design Considerations for Low-Cost Water Supply System
i)
Quality of water should no fall below some certain acceptable level.
ii)
Water in adequate quantity should be provided at all times.
iii)
Traditional sources should be given consideration in selection of source.
iv)
Construction operation and maintenance should be made by local technical staff.
v)
Equipment used should be hard, reliable and locally available.
vi)
Uses of equipments should be minimum.
vii)
Construction and operation cost should be minimum and imported materials should
be avoided.
viii)
Use of pumping and chemicals should be minimum.
ix)
An appropriate in-built monitoring system for performance of treatment system
should be provided.
x)
Provision should be made to prevent or deal with possible deterioration of
quality of raw water or breakdown of the system.
xi)
Sustainability of the system should be given preference in the planning, design
and pricing of water supply.
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