Surface Water
Surface
water is water on the surface of the planet such as in a river, lake, wetland
or ocean.
Ground Water
Ground
water is the water present beneath Earth’s surface in soil pore spaces and in
the fractures of rock formations.
Rain Water
Bangladesh
is a tropical country and receives heavy rainfall due to north-easterly winds
during the rainy season. Rain water can be a potential source of water supply
in Bangladesh.
Hydrological Cycle
Hydrological
cycle refers to the circulation of water in its liquid, vapor or solid states
from the oceans to air, air to land, over land surfaces or underground and back
to the oceans.
Figure: Hydrological Cycle
Ground Water and Surface Water
Interdependency in Bangladesh
In
Bangladesh, ground water and surface water sources are dependent on each other.
Many streams receive a major portion of their flow form groundwater. Elsewhere,
water from surface streams is the main source of recharge for dry season and
surface water enters into ground water during monsoon. So, the two sources of
water are interrelated and the use of one usually affects the water available
from the other source. In recent years, large-scale use of ground water for
irrigation purposes has caused a lowering of the groundwater level and drying
up of surface water sources.
Pollution of Surface Water
i)
Surface waters are polluted by agricultural, industrial, domestic and municipal
sources
ii)
Surface waters are polluted by the higher concentration of slit in turbulent
water in the monsoon.
iii)
Higher algae growth in stagnant water bodies in the dry season pollutes the
surface water.
iv)
People’s unsanitary practices have greatly contributed to the deterioration of
the quality of surface water source.
v)
The faecal coliform concentration in most surface water sources lies in the
range of 500 to several thousand per 100 ml.
vi)
The rivers and surface water sources around densely populated urban areas are
four to ten times more polluted than the similar water sources in the
countryside.
কোন মন্তব্য নেই:
একটি মন্তব্য পোস্ট করুন